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Figure 1. Sample digital images depicting a "virtual" partner programmed to display various emotional signals.
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The virtual opponent appears on screen at the end of each round of play as a digital image (e.g., jpeg or video) depicting any one of six different emotions (see Figure 2 below).
EMOTLAB software also enables the experimenter to make the virtual player's behavior contingent upon the user's behavior. For example, the virtual partner can be programmed to defect whenever the user defects (e.g., Tit-for-Tat). Finally, the emotional display of the virtual opponent can be made contingent upon the user's behavior. For example, the virtual partner can be programmed to display anger whenever the user defects and happiness whenever the user cooperates (or visa versa).
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Figure 2. Research participant (left photo) viewing the computer screen displaying a digital movie clip depicting his partner's reaction to the previous round of play (right photo).
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